A team chooses X.509 authentication but budgets only for initial certificate installation. Devices must operate for years. What requirement is missing?

Choose the single best answer.

A.Only a long certificate validity period with no compromise replacement process
B.Only periodic connectivity testing of the IoT Hub endpoint
C.Only an initial CA trust installation with no renewal or replacement workflow
D.A practical certificate lifecycle and renewal process

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✓ Correct answer

A practical certificate lifecycle and renewal process

X.509 authentication needs issuance, renewal, replacement, and trust lifecycle management for long-lived devices. Initial trust alone omits later change, long validity does not handle compromise or eventual expiry, and connectivity tests do not renew or replace credentials.

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